Disclaimer

Last updated 19 October 2026

Plainledger is educational. Please read this page before relying on anything here.

Not advice

Nothing on this site is financial, investment, tax, accounting or legal advice, and nothing is a recommendation to buy, sell or hold any security. The lessons explain how to read financial statements. They do not tell you what to do with your money. For decisions about your own affairs, speak to a qualified professional who knows your circumstances.

Real companies are examples

Titan, Info Edge and any other company named in a lesson appear because their accounts are public and suit the point being taught. Plainledger holds no view on them as investments, has no relationship with them, and is not endorsed by them. A figure or a ratio in a lesson is a reading of published accounts for one period, not a statement about a company's future.

Accuracy

Figures are taken from company filings and checked as described in how we check numbers. Even so, errors are possible, and filings are sometimes restated. Check the primary document, which every lesson links, before relying on a figure. The small-shop examples are invented to teach mechanics and are not real businesses.

Simplifications

Lessons simplify to be teachable. A real set of accounts has more lines, more notes and more judgement than any lesson can show. Accounting standards and tax rules change, and a lesson reflects the position when it was last updated.

External links

Links to filings, standards and other sites are provided for reference. Plainledger is not responsible for their content.